Scypha, however, represents first stage of folding in its body wall having fingerlike horizontal folds, referred to as typical syconoid type. Many of the most common types of cells are illustrated below in a cartoon view of the wall of a poriferan. The adult body wall contains two layers, outer dermal layer. Most of them are marine while a few are fresh water forms. The body is cylindrical or vase shaped with bristly outer surface. Water enters through minute pores ostia in the body wall into. Porifera, or sponges, represent some of the most primeval of animals, lacking body symmetry or specialized organs. The body cavity of phylum aschelminthes is called pseudocoelom. Porifera, echinodermata, and cnidaria animal classification. Animal kingdom class 11 phylum classification edubuzz. Sponges belong to phylum porifera and its name derived from the latin terms porus which is pores and ferre for bear. Download objective type questions of phylum porifera pdf.
To help with our discussion of anatomy, refer to the handout from page 162 of our lab manual. Sponge got its name because of its body full of holes or what we call spores. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels. Instead, their body consists of specialized, individual cells that serve different functions for these filterfeeding, sedentary organisms blair, 2009. There are following characteristics of the phylum porifera.
Water enters the spongocoel from numerous pores in the body wall. The wall of each tube is perforated by numerous pores through which water enters the spongocoel and passes. Phylum porifera objective type questions pdf download. Phylum echinodermata consists of starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and sand dollars. Porifera spongiaria, sponges a phylum of multicellular animals that are not included in the animalia. Sponges are simple invertebrate animals that live in aquatic habitats. On the basis of the chemical nature of spicules types of the skeleton they possess, phylum porifera has been further divided into the following classes. Phylum porifera tissueorganorgan system level of organization radial symmetry, diploblastic phylum. All the cells are derived from two embryological layers.
The simplest of all the invertebrates are the parazoans, which include only the phylum porifera. General characteristic features of phylum porifera. The regeneration of the body wall and amputated oscular tubes in. The invertebrates, or invertebrata, are animals that do not contain bony structures such as the cranium and vertebrae. These aquatic, asymmetrial animals are also sessile unlike most animals.
They can reproduce sexually or asexually and have a porous body wall. Many questions are asked from phylum porifera and coelenterata unit of animal kingdom in various medical exams like neet, aiims, and jipmer. The body cavity is not lined by the mesodermal layer. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jellylike mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Body wall has epidermis, muscle layer and is covered by cuticle. Porifera authors touiek samaai 1, robyn payne2, seshnee maduray, and liesl janson citation samaai t, payne rp, maduray s and janson l. Chapter 8 phylum porifera to protect the rights of the authors and publisher we inform you that this pdf is an uncorrected proof for internal business use only by the authors, editors. Phylum cnidaraia coelenterata knide, nettle biology boom. They are generally marine and mostly asymmetrical animals figure 4. In this type, incurrent canals open into flagellated chambers through the prosopyles. These are primitive multicellular animals and have cellular level of organisation. In fact, due to various degrees of folding in the body wall, the organisation of such sponges varies much. Grantia, an european genus, is another syconoid sponge.
But still sponges are more than colonies of independent cells. Brief history robert grant 1825 finally proved that sponges are animals, and coined the name porifera for these. Porifera common namesponge first phylum of animal kingdom. Synconoid sponges the flagellated choanocyte layer has undergone folding forming finger like projections there is a single osculum but the body wall is more complex, with water being received through incurrent canals, which pass it along to radial canals through to. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The principal features of phylum porifera are listed below so you can refer to this background information throughout the lab. Epithelial cells flattened cells that make up the outer layer of the body wall. The first phylum of the animal kingdom that has been discussed in the class 11 text is the phylum porifera or commonly known as the sponge robert grant named the animals in this group as porifera. Body plan asymmetrical only two layers endoderm and ectoderm no body cavity large cylindrical water pump body forms around a wall around a large central cavity in which water is continually circulated movement of water through a sponge provides a simple mechanism for feeding, respiration, circulation and excretion. They are thin, leathery and tightly packed together.
Skeleton consists of calcareous spicules made up of carbonate of lime. Although multicellular, sponges only have a few different types of cells, some of which may migrate within the organism to perform. Chapter 4 animal kingdom animal kingdom is characterized by multicellular, eukaryotic organisms. Examine a preserved specimen of scypha aka grantia. Pdf regeneration in white sea sponge leucosolenia complicata. Porifera have no real body layers but they do have 2 cell layers. Lab 2 phylum porifera and phylum cnidaria phylum porifera adults sessile and attached radial symmetry or asymmetrical multicellular. They all are marine, shallow and coastal water species. Pdf sponges phylum porifera possess the remarkable regenerative. These are exclusively marine and mostly live in shallow seawater. Leucon type of canal system further folding of the body wall leads to the formation of a more complex type of canal system known as the leucon type of canal system. This fluidfilled cavity also provides hydrostatic force against which muscles can act. Sponge constitute to the phylum of simple invertebrate animals over thousands of species.
Sponges are sessile, benthic, filter feeders with a baglike body, a central cavity, and an outer surface pierced with tiny openings ostia, through which water enters, and an upper, larger opening osculum, through which it leaves. Parazoa is the animal subkingdom that includes organisms of the phyla porifera and placozoa. Andrew turner the body of the simplest sponges takes the shape of a cylinder with a large central cavity, the spongocoel. Survey of the animal kingdom phyla porifera and cnidaria 55 terms.
Nearly every type of water body is populated by sponges. Body shape is variable, mostly cylinder shaped symmetry. Firstly, the mere presence of cell walls provides some. Their body wall has numerous minute pores, called ostia, through which a continuous current of outside water is drawn into the body. Although the majority of sponges are marine, some species live in freshwater lakes and streams. They are found in shallow ocean environments to depths as great as five kilometers km. Support for the soft structures of the sponge body is.
These are multicellular organisms which are sessilesedentary in nature. Porifera use canals and pores diffusion to perform life functions. Atkinson lj and sink kj eds field guide to the ofshore marine invertebrates of south africa. Body is vase shaped and comparatively simple in structure. Phylum porifera sponges are characterized by the possession of a feeding system unique among animals. The body wall is thin and consists of an outer epidermis,the pinacoderm and an inner endodermis, the choanoderm separated by a jellylike noncellular layer of mesenchyme or mesogloea, enclosing a central cavity, the spongocoel. Parazoans beside animals do not display tissuelevel organization, although they do have specialized cells that perform specific functions. Find the phylum porifera and coelenterata notes for neet 2020 exam. Cells in the sponge walls filter goodies from the water as the water is pumped through the body. Body wall contains numerous pores called ostia through which water enters in the body through a canal system into the central body cavity, called spongocoel. Sponges, the members of the phylum porifera are a basal metazoa animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts.
While some sponges are radially symmetrical, the majority of sponges are asymmetrical in body form. They vary in size from less than a centimeter to a mass that can fill your arm. Sponges can be found worldwide, from shallow reefs to deep ocean trenches. The canal syytem mainky comprise of incurrent and excurrent canals which are lined with pinacocytes. However, the body wall is generally thicker and more complex.
Phylum porifera characteristics, types, functions and. Porifera includes very primitive multicellular animals having only the cellular level of body organization with no tissues and organs. Sponges are members of the phylum porifera, which contains the simplest animals. Subdividing the body mass into a number of smaller parts permits an increase in size for two main reasons. Porifera is a latin word pore porous and ferra bear used for a group of animals having a lot of minute pores, through which water enter, circulate and leave the body. They are generally marine aquatic organisms, with a few freshwater species. Survey of the animal kingdom phyla porifera and cnidaria.
Pdf the porifera are a wellcharacterised group of aquatic, predominantly marine animals including about 5000 described species. The article includes detailed points on phylum porifera and phylum coelenterata. They are aquatic organisms classified under the phylum porifera with about 15,000 species worldwide. Habitat of sea sponges with 15,000 species in waters around the world, sponges phylum porifera are a widespread, extremely primitive animal species. Cnidarians possess diploblastic and tissuelevel organization. The ectoderm of the embryo form an outer laver of the body wall called ectoderm. Sponges have a body wall penetrated by tiny openings, or pores, called.
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